AP Environmental Science

  • 1: The Living World: Ecosystems
    • 1 Components of an Ecosystem
    • 2 Resources and the Interactions between species
    • 3 Predator-Prey Interactions
    • 4 The Nature of Symbioses
    • 5 Intraspecific Competition
    • 6 Interspecific Competition
    • 7 Resource Partitioning
    • 8 Climate Drivers and the World's Biomes
    • 9 The World's Terrestrial Biomes
    • 10 Temperature and the Distribution of Biomes
    • 11 Changing Biomes
    • 12 Aquatic Biomes
    • 13 Nutrient Cycles
    • 14 The Carbon Cycle
    • 15 The Nitrogen Cycle
    • 16 The Phosphorus Cycle
    • 17 The Hydrologic Cycle
    • 18 Primary Productivity
    • 19 Measuring Primary Productivity
    • 20 Trophic Levels in Ecosystems
    • 21 Quantifying Energy Flow in an Ecosystem
    • 22 Ecological Pyramids
    • 23 Food Chains
    • 24 Food Webs
    • 25 Personal Progress Check
  • 2. The Living World: Biodiversity
    • 26 What is Biodiversity?
    • 27 Stability of Ecosystems
    • 28 Effect of Habitat Loss on Ecosystems
    • 29 Measuring Biodiversity
    • 30 Ecosystem Services
    • 31 Island Biogeography
    • 32 Ecological Tolerance
    • 33 Natural Ecosystem Changes
    • 34 Responding to Environmental Change
    • 35 Adaptation and Environmental Change
    • 36 Primary Succession
    • 37 Secondary Succession
    • 38 Keystone Species
    • 39 Indicator Species and Environmental Health
    • 40 Personal Progress Check
  • 3: Populations
    • 41 Features of Populations
    • 42 r-and K-selected species
    • 43 Survivorship Curves
    • 44 Life tables and Survivorship
    • 45 Modeling Human Survivorship
    • 46 Life Expectancy
    • 47 Carrying Capacity
    • 48 A case Study in Carrying Capacity
    • 49 Population Growth
    • 50 Patterns of Population Growth
    • 51 Modeling Population Growth
    • 52 Populations and Resources
    • 53 Population Age Structure
    • 54 World Population Growth
    • 55 Factors Affecting Human Population Dynamics
    • 56 Demographic Transition
    • 57 Personal Progress Check
  • 4: Earth Systems and Resources
    • 58 The Structure of the Earth
    • 59 Plate Boundaries
    • 60 Lithosphere and Asthenosphere
    • 61 Plate Tectonics
    • 62 Soil and Soil Dynamics
    • 63 Soil Erosion and Water Quality
    • 64 Moisture Content and Soil Erosion
    • 65 Soil Textures
    • 66 Earth's Atmosphere
    • 67 Global Wind Patterns
    • 68 Watersheds
    • 69 Energy from the Sun
    • 70 Earth's Seasons
    • 71 Geography and Climate
    • 72 El Nino and La Nina
    • 73 Personal Progress Check
  • 5: Land and Water Use
    • 74 The Tragedy of the Commons
    • 75 Clearcutting
    • 76 The Green Revolution
    • 77 The Impact of Farming
    • 78 Irrigation
    • 79 Pest Control Methods
    • 80 Pesticide Resistance
    • 81 Meat Production Methods
    • 82 Managing Rangelands
    • 83 Impact of Overfishing
    • 84 Impacts of Mining
    • 85 Urbanization
    • 86 Ecological Footprint
    • 87 Introduction to Sustainability
    • 88 Methods to Reduce Urban Runoff
    • 89 Integrated Pest Management
    • 90 Sustainable Agriculture
    • 91 Reducing Soil Erosion
    • 92 Aquaculture
    • 93 Sustainable Forestry
    • 94 Personal Progress Check
  • 6. Energy Resources and Consumption
    • 95 Using Energy Transformations
    • 96 Non Renewable Energy Resources
    • 97 Renewable Energy Resources
    • 98 Global Energy Consumption
    • 99 Fossil Fuels
    • 100 Coal
    • 101 Oil
    • 102 Oil Extraction
    • 103 Nuclear Power
    • 104 Radioactivity
    • 105 The Effects of Nuclear Accidents
    • 106 Energy from Biomass
    • 107 Solar energy
    • 108 Investigating Solar Houses
    • 109 Hydroelectric Power
    • 110 Tidal Power
    • 111 Geothermal Power
    • 112 Hyrogen Fuel Cells
    • 113 Wind Power
    • 114 Energy Conservation
    • 115 Introduction to Air Pollution
  • 7: Atmospheric Pollution
    • 116 Introduction to Air Pollution
    • 117 Photochemical Smog
    • 118 Thermal Inversion
    • 119 Natural Causes of Air Pollution
    • 120 Indoor Air Pollution
    • 121 Reducing Air Pollution
    • 122 Using Technology to Reduce Air Pollution
    • 123 Acid Rain
    • 124 Noise Pollution
    • 125 Personal Progress Check
  • 8: Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution
    • 126 Sources of Pollution
    • 127 Tolerance Range in Aquatic Communities
    • 128 The Environmental Effects of Oil spills
    • 129 Dealing With Oil Spills
    • 130 The Economic Impact of Oil Spills
    • 131 Water Quality
    • 132 Litter in the Ocean
    • 133 Sediment and Water Quality
    • 134 Mercury in the Environment
    • 135 Endocrine Disruptors
    • 136 Human Impacts on Wetlands and Mangroves
    • 137 Eutrophication
    • 138 Thermal Pollution
    • 139 Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification
    • 140 Solid Waste Disposal
    • 141 Reducing Waste
    • 142 Your Waste
    • 143 Environmental Remediation
    • 144 Sewage Treatment
    • 145 Measuring Toxicity
    • 146 Health Effects of Pollution
    • 147 Environment and Disease
    • 148 Global Disease Threats
    • 149 The Covid-19 Pandemic
    • 150 Environmenmtal Effects of Covid-19
    • 151 Future Viral Threats
    • 152 Personal Progress Check
  • 9. Global Change
    • 153 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
    • 154 The Greenhouse Effect
    • 155 Earth's Long Term Climate
    • 156 What is Climate Change?
    • 157 Projections For Climate Change
    • 158 Climate Change and Polar Regions
    • 159 Ocean Warming
    • 160 Ocean Acidification
    • 161 Effects of Ocean Acidification
    • 162 Invasive Species
    • 163 Endangered Species
    • 164 Adaption, Migration, or Extinction
    • 165 Conservation Legislation
    • 166 Habitat Fragmentation
    • 167 Wildfires
    • 168 Climate Change and Habitat Loss
    • 169 The Effect os Domestication of Biodiversity
    • 170 Reducing the Impact of Biodiversity Loss
    • 171 Personal Progress Check
  • 10. Science Practices for Environmental Science
    • 172 Concept Explanation
    • 173 Visual Representations
    • 174 Text Analyisis
    • 175 Scientific Experiments
    • 176 Data Analysis
    • 177 Mathematical Routines
    • 178 Environmental Solutions
  • Appendix 1: Assessing Invertebrate Diversity
    • Sampling