Year 11 Biology

  • Chapter 1 Skills in Biology
    • 1 The Scientific Method
    • 2 Hypotheses and Predictions
    • 3 Variables and Data
    • 4 A Qualitative Investigation
    • 5 A Quantitative Investigation
    • 6 Recording Results
    • 8 Constructing Tables and Graphs
    • 9 Drawing Bar Graphs
    • 10 Drawing Histograms
    • 11 Drawing Line Graphs
    • 12 Drawing Scatter Plots
    • 13 Making a Biological Drawing
    • 14 Descriptive Statistics
    • 15 Interpreting Sample Variability
    • 16 Student's t Test
    • 19 Chi-Squared Exercise in Ecology
  • Chapter 2 Cell Structure
    • 21 Biological Molecules
    • 22 Carbohydrates
    • 23 Lipids
    • 24 Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
    • 25 Amino Acids
    • 26 Proteins
    • 27 Enzymes
    • 28 Paper Chromatography
    • 29 The Cell Theory
    • 30 Types of Living Things
    • 31 Types of Cells
    • 33 Cell Sizes
    • 34 History of Microscopy
    • 35 Optical Microscopes
    • 36 Microscopy Techniques
    • 38 Bacterial Cells
    • 39 Unicellular Eukaryotes
    • 40 Animal Cells
    • 41 Identifying Structures in an Animal Cell
    • 42 Plant Cells
    • 44 Interpreting Electron Micrographs
  • Chapter 3 Cellular Processes
    • 46 The Role of Membranes in Cells
    • 47 The Structure of Membranes
    • 48 Diffusion
    • 49 Osmosis
    • 50 Estimating Osmolarity
    • 51 Water Relations in Plants
    • 52 Limitations to Cell Size
    • 53 Active Transport
    • 54 Ion Pumps
    • 55 Exocytosis and Endocytosis
    • 56 Cell Division
    • 57 Mitosis and the Cell Cycle
    • 58 Cellular Differentiation
    • 59 Specialisation in Human Cells
    • 60 Specialisation in Plant Cells
    • 62 Levels of Organisation
  • Chapter 4 Genetic Variation
    • 67 Modes of Nutrition
    • 68 Energy in Cells
    • 69 Plants as Producers
    • 70 Photosynthesis
    • 71 Leaf Structure
    • 73 Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
    • 74 Growing Plants in a Controlled Environment
    • 75 Investigating Plant Growth
    • 76 Plant Mineral Nutrition
    • 77 Insectivorous Plants
    • 78 Saprotrophic Nutrition
    • 79 Obtaining Food
    • 81 Diversity in Tube Guts
    • 83 Comparing Mammalian Teeth
    • 84 Insect Mouthparts
    • 85 Mammalian Guts
    • 86 Adaptations for Digestion in Fish
    • 87 Adaptations for Digestion in Insects
    • 88 Cellulose Digestion in a Ruminant
    • 90 The Human Digestive Tract
    • 94 Parasitism
    • 95 Adaptations of Predators
  • Chapter 5 Gas exchange
    • 97 Introduction to Gas Exchange
    • 98 Environment and Gas Exchange
    • 99 Gas Exchange in Plants
    • 100 Gas Exchange in Animals
    • 101 Gas Exchange in Insects
    • 102 Gas Exchange in Fish
    • 103 The Human Gas Exchange System
    • 104 Breathing in Humans
    • 105 Gas Transport in Mammals
  • Chapter 6 Internal Transport
    • 108 Transport in Plants
    • 109 Stems and Roots
    • 110 Uptake at the Root
    • 111 Xylem and Phloem
    • 112 Transpiration
    • 113 Investigating Plant Transpiration
    • 114 Translocation
    • 117 Open Circulatory Systems
    • 118 Closed Circulatory Systems
    • 120 Arteries
    • 121 Veins
    • 122 Capillaries
    • 123 Capillary Networks
    • 124 The Formation of Tissue Fluid
    • 125 The Human Heart
    • 126 The Cardiac Cycle
  • Chapter 7 Excretion and Fluid Balance
    • 128 Excretion in Plants
    • 129 Nitrogenous Wastes in Animals
    • 130 Birds with Runny Noses
    • 131 Invertebrate Excretory Systems
    • 132 Waste Products in Humans
    • 133 Vertebrate Excretory Systems
    • 134 The Human Urinary System
  • Chapter 8 Reproduction and Development
    • 136 Plant Propagation
    • 137 Alternation of Generations
    • 138 Reproduction in Ferns
    • 139 Reproduction in Angiosperms
    • 140 Reproduction in Gymnosperms
    • 141 Insect Pollination
    • 142 Wind Pollination
    • 143 Pollination and Fertilisation
    • 144 Seed Structure and Germination
    • 145 Seed Dispersal
    • 147 Asexual Reproduction
    • 148 Animal Sexual Reproduction
    • 149 Animal Reproductive Strategies
    • 150 Insect Life Cycles
    • 151 Alternating Asexual and Sexual Cycles
    • 152 Mammalian Reproduction
    • 153 Gametes
    • 154 Male Reproductive System
    • 155 Female Reproductive System
    • 156 The Menstrual Cycle
    • 157 Control of the Menstrual Cycle
    • 158 The Placenta
    • 159 Fertilisation and Early Growth
    • 160 The Hormones of Pregnancy
    • 161 Using Hormones to Treat Infertility
    • 162 Birth and Lactation
    • 164 Sexual Development
  • Chapter 9 Classification
    • 168 The New Tree of Life
    • 169 Features of Taxonomic Groups
    • 170 Features of the Five Kingdoms
    • 171 Classification System
    • 172 Features of Microbial Groups
    • 173 Features of Fungi and Plants
    • 174 Features of Animal Taxa
    • 175 Classification Keys
    • 177 Australia's Biodiversity
  • Chapter 10 Habitat and Niche
    • 178 Biomes
    • 179 Components of an Ecosystem
    • 180 Selected Australian Ecosystems
    • 181 Habitat
    • 182 Ecological Niche
    • 183 Dingo Habitats
    • 184 Dingo Home Ranges
    • 185 Ecological Niches
    • 187 Quadrat Sampling
    • 189 Stratification in a Forest
    • 191 Transect Sampling
    • 193 Physical Factors on a Rocky Shore
    • 194 Shoreline Zonation
  • Chapter 11 Environment and Adaptations
    • 198 Plant Responses
    • 199 Tropisms and Growth Responses
    • 200 Investigating Phototropism
    • 201 Responses to Temperature in Plants
    • 202 Animal Adaptations
    • 203 Adaptations of Aquatic Insects
    • 204 Adaptations for Diving
    • 205 Ectotherms and Endotherms
    • 206 Control of Body Temperature
    • 207 Hypothermia
    • 209 Managing Fluid Balance on Land
    • 211 Water Balance in Desert Mammals
    • 212 Water Budget in Humans
    • 213 Neurone Structure and Function
    • 214 Response and Regulation
    • 215 Reflexes
    • 216 Hearing
    • 217 The Structure of the Eye
    • 218 Taste and Smell
    • 219 Sensory Systems
    • 220 Animal Communication
    • 221 Behaviour and Species Recognition
    • 222 Breeding Behaviour
    • 223 Parental Care
    • 225 Biological Rhythms
    • 226 Migration Patterns
    • 227 Activity Patterns in Animals
    • 228 Taxes and Kineses
    • 229 Plant Activity Rhythms
    • 230 Adaptations of Mesophytes
    • 231 Adaptations of Xerophytes
    • 232 Adaptations of Hydrophytes
    • 233 Mangrove Adaptations
    • 234 Plant Adaptations to Fire
  • Chapter 12 Communities
    • 237 Nutrient Cycles
    • 238 The Hydrologic Cycle
    • 239 The Carbon Cycle
    • 240 The Nitrogen Cycle
    • 241 Energy Inputs and Outputs
    • 242 Food Chains
    • 243 Biomagnification of Chemicals in the Environment
    • 244 Constructing a Food Web
    • 246 Cave Food Webs
    • 247 Energy Flow in an Ecosystem
    • 248 Primary Productivity
    • 249 Ecological Pyramids
    • 250 Species Interactions
    • 251 Interspecific Competition
    • 252 Niche Differentiation
    • 254 Intraspecific Competition
    • 255 Predator-Prey Interactions
    • 256 Predator-Prey Strategies
  • Chapter 13 Populations Dynamics
    • 259 Features of Populations
    • 260 Sampling Populations
    • 261 Density and Distribution
    • 263 Population Regulation
    • 264 Survivorship Curves
    • 265 Population Age Structure
    • 266 Mark and Recapture
    • 267 Population Growth
    • 268 Population Growth Curves
    • 269 The Rise and Fall of Human Populations
  • Chapter 14 Changes in Ecosystems
    • 272 Australia's Geological Past
    • 273 Australia During the Glacial Periods
    • 274 Australia's Vegetation Changes
    • 275 Australia's Biological History
    • 276 Global Biodiversity
    • 277 Loss of Biodiversity
    • 278 Biodiversity and Conservation
    • 279 Species Action Plans
    • 280 Primary Succession
    • 281 Succession on Surtsey Island
    • 282 Secondary Succession
    • 283 Environmental Change
    • 284 Ecosystem Stability
    • 285 Tropical Deforestation
    • 286 Agricultural vs Natural Ecosystems
    • 287 Soil Degradation
    • 288 Water Pollution
    • 289 Nitrogen Pollution
    • 290 Ecological Impacts of Fishing
    • 291 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
    • 292 Effects of Urbanisation
    • 294 Global Warming